5 Important Things You Should Know About Testicular Cancer

From Dr. Kenneth Bishop, a hematologist and oncologist at Sturdy Health Hematology & Oncology in Attleboro, Massachusetts.

April is Testicular Cancer Awareness Month. Each year in the United States, there are approximately ten thousand new cases of testicular cancer diagnosed, with an estimated risk of 1 in 270. Despite this, there are fewer than 500 deaths per year from testicular cancer in the United States. 

For unknown reasons, the rates of testicular cancer, and many other types of cancer have been rising in the U.S. in recent years. 

Dr. Kenneth Bishop, hematologist and oncologist at Sturdy Health shares 5 important things you should know about testicular cancer, including risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, and coping strategies.

Understanding Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the testicles, and the male reproductive organs, but also has a risk of spreading to other sites. Despite this possibility, testicular cancer has a very high cure rate with the currently available treatments. 

Most often, testicular cancer is diagnosed between the ages of 15 and 35, but diagnosis is possible at older ages as well. 

Understanding the basics of testicular cancer can help you recognize the signs and symptoms and seek timely medical attention if needed.

Risk Factors and Prevention

There are several known risk factors for testicular cancer, including a history of an undescended testicle, a congenital condition known as hypospadias, and a family history of testicular cancer. Several genetic conditions are known to cause a predisposition to testicular cancer, as well. A history of testicular cancer in one testicle also places a man at increased risk of developing testicular cancer in the other testicle.

There may also be an increased risk of developing testicular cancer in men who use marijuana regularly over a long period, though this is less well-established.

In many cases, the specific reason that a man develops testicular cancer is not identified.

Signs and Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include a lump or swelling in the testicle, pain or discomfort in the testicle, scrotum, or lower abdomen, a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum, and a change in the size or shape of the testicles.

It is important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If testicular cancer is suspected, a healthcare professional will perform a physical examination and likely perform a testicular ultrasound, which is a non-invasive test that does not involve radiation exposure. There are blood tests that can help distinguish testicular cancer from other causes of swelling or tenderness in the testicle, and consultation with a urologist is often appropriate to determine whether a biopsy or surgery is necessary.

The treatment options for testicular cancer depend on the stage and subtype of cancer, broadly referred to as seminoma or non-seminoma, and may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

Detection at an early stage of the disease could reduce the likelihood that radiation or chemotherapy will be necessary.

Emotional Support and Coping Strategies

Receiving a diagnosis of testicular cancer can be emotionally challenging, and it is important to seek support from loved ones, healthcare professionals, or support groups.

Coping strategies such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle, practicing relaxation techniques, and staying informed about the latest research and treatment options can also help manage the emotional impact of testicular cancer.

Let's spread awareness and encourage early detection by educating ourselves and our loved ones about the signs and symptoms of testicular cancer. It may be a topic that is uncomfortable or embarrassing to discuss, but if you or a loved one are having symptoms that are concerning for testicular cancer, please seek evaluation rather than delay, as early diagnosis and intervention are important in this disease.